Computer: Gi-Fi

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Abstract:

Gi-Fi will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having coverage area of 91mts. No doubt, introduction of Wi-Fi wireless networks has proved a revolutionary solution to “last mile” problem.However, the standard's original limitations for data exchange rate and range, number of channels, high cost of the infrastructure have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a total threat to cellular networks on the one hand, and hard-wire networks, on the other. But the mans continuous quest for even better technology despite the substantial advantages of present technologies led to the introduction of new, more up-to-date standards for data exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi.

Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate,at one-tenth of the cost,usually within a range of 10 meters.It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm wide antenna burning less than 2 watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like Bluetooth.

The development will enable the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality.

There are many usage cenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.

Computer:Green Computing

Abstract:

Green computing, green IT or ICT Sustainability, refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment."The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies.
Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). One of the earliest initiatives toward green computing in the United States was the voluntary labeling program known as Energy Star. It was conceived by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1992 to promote energy efficiency in hardware of all kinds. The Energy Star label became a common sight, especially in notebook computers and displays. Similar programs have been adopted in Europe and Asia.

What is a thin client?

A thin client (sometimes also called a lean or slim client) is a computer or a computer program which depends heavily on some other computer (its server) to fulfill its traditional computational roles. This stands in contrast to the traditional fat client, a computer designed to take on these roles by itself. The exact roles assumed by the server may vary, from providing data persistence (for example, for diskless nodes) to actual information processing on the client's behalf.

Thin clients occur as components of a broader computer infrastructure, where many clients share their computations with the same server. As such, thin client infrastructures can be viewed as the amortization of some computing service across several user-interfaces. This is desirable in contexts where individual fat clients have much more functionality or power than the infrastructure either requires or uses. This can be contrasted, for example, with grid computing.
Thin-client computing is also a way of easily maintaining computational services at a reduced total cost of ownership.
The most common type of modern thin client is a low-end computer terminal which concentrates solely on providing a graphical user interface to the end-user. The remaining functionality, in particular the operating system, is provided by the server.
Thin clients have their roots in multi-user systems, traditionally mainframes accessed by some sort of terminal computer. As computer graphics matured, these terminals transitioned from providing a command-line interface to a full graphical user interface, as is common on modern thin clients. The prototypical multiuser environment along these lines, UNIX, began to support fully graphical X terminals, i.e., devices running X server software, from about 1984. X terminals remained relatively popular even after the arrival of other thin clients in the mid-late 1990s. Modern UNIX derivatives like BSD and GNU/Linux continue the tradition of the multi-user, remote display/input session. Typically, X server software is not made available on thin clients; although no technical reason for this exclusion would prevent it.
Windows NT became capable of multi-user operations primarily through the efforts of Citrix Systems, which repackaged NT 3.5.1 as the multi-user operating system Win Frame in 1995. Microsoft licensed this technology back from Citrix and implemented it into Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition, under a project codenamed "Hydra". Windows NT then became the basis of Windows 2000 and Windows XP. As of 2011 Microsoft Windows systems support graphical terminals via the Remote Desktop Services component.
The term thin client was coined in 1993 by Tim Negris, VP of Server Marketing at Oracle Corp., while working with company founder Larry Ellison on the launch of Oracle 7. At the time, Oracle wished to differentiate their server-oriented software from Microsoft's desktop-oriented products. Ellison subsequently popularized Negris's buzzword with frequent use in his speeches and interviews about Oracle products. Size comparison - traditional Desktop PC vs. Clientron U700

Client Simplicity:

Since the clients are made from low-cost hardware with few moving parts, they can operate in more hostile environments than conventional computers. However, they inevitably need a network connection to their server, which must be isolated from such hostile environments. Since thin clients are cheap, they offer a low risk of theft in general, and are easy to replace if stolen or broken. Since they do not have any complicated boot images, the problem of boot image control is centralized to the server.
On the other hand, to achieve this simplicity, thin clients sometimes lag behind thick clients (PC Desktops) in terms of extensibility. For example, if a local software utility or set of device drivers are needed in order to support a locally attached peripheral device (e.g. printer, scanner, biometric security device), the thin client operating system may lack the resources needed to fully integrate the needed dependencies. Modern thin clients attempt to address this limitation via port mapping or USB redirection software. However, these methods cannot address all use case scenarios for the vast number of peripheral types being put to use today.

Thin Clients has many advantages, so different people define thin clients in different way basing one of its advantage. Below are the few common definitions & sentences people often use to define thin client. Simply, Thin Client is nothing but a computer, but with very less configuration (specifications /capacity / power), still users can able to run all the latest Operating Systems and Applications (software), with the help of SERVER Computer which is connected to it through LAN Means, In Thin Clients you need not to install any OS or Applications, you have to install Only in SERVER where all thin clients are connected to it, all the OS and Applications will run on server and results are displayed in Thin Clients (user computers) Several users can run the same program simultaneously, but the program only needs to be loaded once with a central server. In Traditional PC, We have to Install OS and Applications Locally and use its Local Resources (CPU, Ram, HDD) for its Processing and Storing, where as in Thin Client you need not install any OS or Applications in Thin Client, but you can access OS and Applications from SERVER.

Seminar: PHANToM

Abstract:

PHANToM, means Personal HAptic iNTerface Mechanism, was developed at MIT as a relatively low cost force feedback device for interacting with virtual objects. Phantom device is a robot arm that is attached to a computer and used as a pointer in three dimensions, like a mouse is used as a pointer in two dimensions. 

ABOUT PHANTOM

The PHANToM interface's novelty lies in its small size, relatively low cost and its simplification of tactile information. Rather than displaying information from many different points, this haptic device provides high-fidelity feedback to simulate touching at a single point. It just like closing your eyes, holding a pen and touching everything in your office. You could actually tell a lot about those objects from that single point of contact. You'd recognize your computer keyboard, the monitor, the telephone, desktop and so on.

A Phantom device and the Phantom Force Feedback extension can also be used to trace paths and/or move models in the absence of volume data. Although there will not be force feedback in such cases, the increased degrees of freedom provided by the device as compared to a mouse can be very helpful. The Phantom Force Feedback extension of Chimera allows a Phantom device to be used to guide marker placement within volume data. It is generally used together with Volume Viewer and Volume Path Tracer. SensAble Technologies manufactures several models of the Phantom. The device is only supported on SGI and Windows platforms. SensAble Technologies has announced that in summer of 2002 it will add support for Linux and drop support for SGI. The least expensive model (about $10,000 in 2001), the Phantom Desktop, is described here.

To integrate the PHANToM with a projection screen virtual environment several obstacles need to be overcome. First, the PHANToM is essentially a desktop device. To use it in a larger environment the PHANToM must be made mobile and height adjustable to accommodate the user.

For this we use

Phantom Stand

The phantom stand was designed to permit positioning, height adjustment, and stable support of the PHANToM in the virtual environment. To avoid interference with the magnetic tracking system used in the environment, the phantom stand was constructed out of bonded PVC plastic and stainless steel hardware. 

Seminar:GPS

Abstract:

The GPS is a worldwide radio navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations. GPS uses these "manmade stars" as reference points to calculate the positions accurate to a matter of meters. In fact, with advanced forms of GPS you can make measurements to better than a centimeter! In a sense it is like giving every square meter on the planet a unique address, the system was designed for and is operated by the U. S. military. GPS is funded by and controlled by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS world wide. GPS has mainly 3 parts the space segment, the user segment and the control segment. They are collectively called as GPS Elements.

Seminar:E-Intelligence

Abstract:

Organizations have, over the years, successfully employed business intelligence tools like OLAP and data warehousing to improve the supply of business information to end users for cross industry applications like finance and customer relationship management, and in vertical markets such as retail, manufacturing, healthcare, banking, financial services, telecommunications, and utilities. In the recent years, the Internet has opened up an entirely new channel for marketing and selling products. Companies are taking to e-business in a big way. The issue facing end users as organizations deploy e-business systems is that they do have not had the same business intelligence capabilities available to them in e-business systems as they do in the traditional corporate operating environment. This prevents businesses from exploiting the full power of the Internet as a sales and marketing channel.

As a solution, vendors are now developing business intelligence applications to capture and analyze the information flowing through e-business systems, and are developing Web-based information portals that provide an integrated and personalized view of enterprise-wide business information, applications, and services. This advanced business intelligence systems are called E-intelligence systems.

Seminar:Artificial Intelligence

Abstract:

The AP is an artificial intelligence–based companion that will be resident in software and chips embedded in the automobile dashboard. The heart of the system is a conversation planner that holds a profile of you, including details of your interests and profession.

A microphone picks up your answer and breaks it down into separate words with

speech-recognition software. A camera built into the dashboard also tracks your lip movements to improve the accuracy of the speech recognition. A voice analyzer then looks for signs of tiredness by checking to see if the answer matches your profile. Slow responses and a lack of intonation are signs of fatigue.

This research suggests that we can make predictions about various aspects of driver performance based on what we glean from the movements of a driver’s eyes and that a system can eventually be developed to capture this data and use it to alert people when their driving has become significantly impaired by fatigue.

Seminar:Speech Recognition

Abstract:

Language is human beings most important means of communication and speech its primary medium. Speech provides an international forum for communication among researchers in the disciplines that contribute to our understanding of the production, perception, processing, learning and use. Spoken interaction both between human interlocutors and between humans and machines is inescapably embedded in the laws and conditions of Communication, which comprise the encoding and decoding of meaning as well as the mere transmission of messages over an acoustical channel. Here we deal with this interaction between the man and machine through synthesis and recognition applications.

The paper dwells on the speech technology and conversion of speech into analog and digital waveforms which is understood by the machines.

Speech recognition, or speech-to-text, involves capturing and digitizing the sound waves, converting them to basic language units or phonemes, constructing words from phonemes, and contextually analyzing the words to ensure correct spelling for words that sound alike. Speech Recognition is the ability of a computer to recognize general, naturally flowing utterances from a wide variety of users. It recognizes the caller’s answers to move along the flow of the call.

We have emphasized on the modeling of speech units and grammar on the basis of Hidden Markov Model. Speech Recognition allows you to provide input to an application with your voice. The applications and limitations on this subject has enlightened us upon the impact of speech processing in our modern technical field.

While there is still much room for improvement, current speech recognition systems have remarkable performance. We are only humans, but as we develop this technology and build remarkable changes we attain certain achievements. Rather than asking what is still deficient, we ask instead what should be done to make it efficient….

Seminar:Grid Computing

Abstract:

The Grid has the potential to fundamentally change the way science and engineering are done. Aggregate power of computing resources connected by networks—of the Grid— exceeds that of any single supercomputer by many orders of magnitude. At the same time, our ability to carry out computations of the scale and level of detail required, for example, to study the Universe, or simulate a rocket engine, are severely constrained by available computing power. Hence, such applications should be one of the main driving forces behind the development of Grid computing.

Grid computing is emerging as a new environment for solving difficult problems. Linear and nonlinear optimization problems can be computationally expensive. The resource access and management is one of the most important key factors for grid computing. It requires a mechanism with automatically making decisions ability to support computing tasks collaborating and scheduling.

Grid computing is an active research area which promises to provide a flexible infrastructure for complex, dynamic and distributed resource sharing and sophisticated problem solving environments. The Grid is not only a low level infrastructure for supporting computation, but can also facilitate and enable information and knowledge sharing at the higher semantic levels, to support knowledge integration and dissemination.

Seminar:DNA Computing

Abstract:

Molecular biologists are beginning to unravel the information-processing tools such as enzymes that evolution has spent billions of years refining. These tools are now been taken in large numbers of DNA molecules and using them as biological computer processors.

Dr. Leonard Adleman, a well-known scientist, found a way to exploit the speed and efficiency of the biological reactions to solve the “Hamiltonian path problem”, also known as the “traveling salesman problem”.

Based on Dr. Adleman’s experiment, we will explain DNA computing, its algorithms, how to manage DNA based computing and the advantages and disadvantages of DNA computing.

Seminar:Sixth Sense Technology

Abstract:

Although miniaturized versions of computers help us to connect to the digital world even while we are travelling there aren’t any device as of now which gives a direct link between the digital world and our physical interaction with the real world. Usually the information’s are stored traditionally on a paper or a digital storage device. Sixth sense technology helps to bridge this gap between tangible and non-tangible world. Sixth Sense device is basically a wearable gestural interface that connects the physical world around us with digital information and lets us use natural hand gestures to interact with this information .The sixth sense technology was developed by Pranav Mistry, a PhD student in the Fluid Interfaces Group at the MIT Media Lab. The sixth sense technology has a Web 4.0 view of human and machine interactions. Sixth Sense integrates digital information into the physical world and its objects, making the entire world your computer. It can turn any surface into a touch-screen for computing, controlled by simple hand gestures. It is not a technology which is aimed at changing human habits but causing computers and other machines to adapt to human needs. It also supports multi user and multi touch provisions. Sixth Sense device is a mini-projector coupled with a camera and a cell phone—which acts as the computer and your connection to the Cloud, all the information stored on the web. The current prototype costs around $350. The Sixth Sense prototype is used to implement several applications that have shown the usefulness, viability and flexibility of the system

Seminar:Daknet

Abstract:

DakNet provides extraordinarily low-cost digital communication, letting remote villages leapfrog past the expense of traditional connectivity solutions and begin development of a full coverage broadband wireless infrastructure. DakNet, an ad hoc network that uses wireless technology to provide asynchronous digital connectivity, is evidence that the marriage of wireless and asynchronous service may indeed be the beginning of a road to universal broadband connectivity. This paper briefly explains about what are DakNet, how wireless technology implemented with DakNet, its fundamental operations and its applications, cost estimation, advantages and disadvantages and finally how to connect Indian villages with town city and global markets. 

Seminar:Autonomic Computing

Abstract:

Autonomic Computing” is a new vision of computing initiated by IBM. This new paradigm shifts the fundamental definition of the technology age from one of computing, to one defined by data. Access to data from multiple, distributed sources, in addition to traditional centralized storage devices will allow users to transparently access information when and where they need it. At the same time, this new view of computing will necessitate changing the industry's focus on processing speed and storage to one of developing distributed networks that are largely self-managing, self-diagnostic, and transparent to the user. 

The high-tech industry has spent decades creating computer systems with ever-mounting degrees of complexity to solve a wide variety of business problems. Ironically, complexity itself has become part of the problem. It’s a problem that's not going away, but will grow exponentially, just as our dependence on technology has.

The solution may lie in automation, or creating a new capacity where important computing operations can run without the need for human intervention. In Autonomic Computing we build computer systems that regulate themselves much in the same way our nervous systems regulates and protects our bodies.

Seminar:Phishing Technology

Abstract:

In the field of computer security, phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Phishing is a fraudulent e-mail that attempts to get you to divulge personal data that can then be used for illegitimate purposes.

There are many variations on this scheme. It is possible to Phish for other information in additions to usernames and passwords such as credit card numbers, bank account numbers, social security numbers and mothers’ maiden names. Phishing presents direct risks through the use of stolen credentials and indirect risk to institutions that conduct business on line through erosion of customer confidence. The damage caused by phishing ranges from denial of access to e-mail to substantial financial loss. 

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:Ambient Intelligence

Abstract:

Ambient Intelligence refers to an exciting new paradigm in information technology, in which people are empowered through a digital environment that is aware of their presence and context and is sensitive, adaptive and responsive to their needs, habits, gestures and emotions.

All this implies that the near future will bring us kitcheners that automatically switch off hot plates when we leave the apartment or, even more astonishing, TVs that automatically switch to another TV channel if it “judges” by our facial expressions that we don’t like the show which is on at the moment.

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:ZigBee Technolgy

Abstract:

ZigBee is a wireless technology designed for control and sensor networks. It defines a set of communication protocols for low-data-rate Short-range wireless networking. Named after erratic, zig - zagging patterns of bees between the flowers. Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks.

Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard(LR-WPAN).Products created by the ZigBee Alliance.Operating frequency band 868 MHz in Europe,915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in worldwide

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:Ethical Hacking

Abstract:

What is hacking?

Hacking is unauthorized use of computer and network resources. (The term "hacker" originally meant a very gifted programmer. In recent years though, with easier access to multiple systems, it now has negative implications.)

Types of Hackers

• Script Kiddies or Cyber-Punks: Between age 12-30; bored in school; get caught due to bragging online.
• Professional Criminals or Crackers: Make a living by breaking into systems and selling the information.
• Coders and Virus Writers: These have strong programming background and write code but won’t use it themselves; have their own networks called “zoos”; leave it to others to release their code into “The Wild” or Internet.

What do hackers do?

A few examples of Web application hacks

• File Query
• Browser caching 
• Cookie and URL hacks
• SQL Injection 
• Cross-site Scripting (# 1 threat today!)

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:Cybernetic Organism

Abstract:

CYBORG, a compound word derived from cybernetics and organism, is a term coined by Manfred Clynes in 1960 to describe the need for mankind to artificially enhance biological functions in order to survive in the hostile environment of Space. Originally, a CYBORG referred to a “Human being with bodily functions aided or controlled by technological devices, such as an oxygen tank, artificial heart valve or insulin pump”. Over the years, the term has acquired a more general meaning, describing the dependence of human beings on technology. In this sense, CYBORG can be used to characterize anyone who relies on a computer to complete his or her daily work.

What is CYBORG

A CYBORG is a Cybernetic Organism, part human part machine. This concept is bit tricky but let see an example of a CYBORG, You may have seen the movie TERMINATOR. In that ARNOLD was a CYBORG. He was part man part machine. Well definition exactly says this, CYBORG can be made by technology known as CYBERNETICS. What is CYBERNETICS? To understand CYBORG this is the first step next we will see this.

What is CYBERNETICS?

• Cybernetics is a word coined by group of scientists led by Norbert Wiener and made popular by Wiener's book of 1948, Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 
• Based on the Greek "kybernetes," meaning steersman or governor, cybernetics is the science or study of control or regulation mechanisms in human and machine systems, including computers. 
• CYBERNETICS could be thought of as a recently developed science, although to some extent it cuts across existing sciences. If we think of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. as traditional sciences, then Cybernetics is a classification, which cuts across them all. 
• Cybernetics is formally defined as the science of control and communication in animals, men and machines. It extracts, from whatever context, that which is concerned with information processing and control. ... One major characteristic of Cybernetics is its preoccupation with the construction of models and here it overlaps operational research. Cybernetic models are usually distinguished by being hierarchical, adaptive and making permanent use of feedback loops.
• Cybernetics in some ways is like the science of organization, with special emphasis on the dynamic nature of the system being organized."

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:I-Cloud by Apple

Abstract:

iCloud is the latest branding of Apple's cloud computing services. It has previously been branded as iTools in 2000, .Mac in 2002, and MobileMe in 2008.iCloud was announced on June 6, 2011, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC). Apple announced that MobileMe would be discontinued after June 30, 2012, with anyone who had an account before the unveiling of iCloud having their MobileMe service extended to that date, free of charge. The official website, www.icloud.com, went live in early August for Apple Developers. On October 12, 2011, iCloud became available to use via an iTunes update. iCloud had 20 million users in less than a week after launch.The iCloud.com domain and registered trademark were bought from a Swedish company called Xcerion, who rebranded their service to CloudMe.CloudMe still controls major domains like iCloud.de, iCloud.fr and iCloud.es. A class action lawsuit by customers unhappy over the transition from MobileMe to iCloud was filed in early May 2012.

The first official mention of iCloud from Apple came on May 31, 2011, when a press release announced that it would demonstrate the service at the WWDC on June 6, 2011. A banner hung at the Moscone Center for WWDC revealed the iCloud logo five days before the official launch. In the WWDC 2011 keynote speech, Apple announced iCloud will replace MobileMe services and that the basic iCloud service will be free of charge.

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:WEB Operating System

Abstract:

One of the hottest topics that emerged these days between the area of Internet and distributed computing and the area of operating system is Web Operating System (WOS). The objective of WOS is to deliver the full benefit of the World Wide Web. WOS will include mechanisms for resource discovery, resource collaboration, persistent storage, remote process execution, resource management, authentication and security. Web operating systems can simplify collaborative projects. Many Web operating systems allow users to share files. A Web OS allows you to access applications stored not on your computer, but on the Web. The applications exist wholly or in part on Web servers within a particular provider network.

WOS is designed as a distributed system. The WOS framework enables a new paradigm for Internet services. Internet computing resources and all the way to the client. WOS goal is to provide a platform which allows the user to benefit from the computational potential offered by the web. It’s aimed is to make available to all sites of the network resources to execute computations for which local resources are missing. This paper presents an overview of a typical WOS. It describes the WOS process, components, communication protocols. Additionally, the paper discusses all the resolved and unresolved issues and difficulties surrounding the implementation and design of WOS

Development of a new single operating system enabling global computing is a hot issue these days. Such an operating system is called the Web Operating System, or WOS. Major Internet users use WOS to download files, execute of servers programs remotely, fetching client scripts, etc. The common model of these services consists of client-server or master-slave configuration with a network as a transportation media. WOS offers variety of services. These services could be software or hardware (computation, communication channels, storage capacity, specialised drivers, etc.). The use of web resources is highly motivated by different reasons. These include reliability, availability, fault tolerance, load sharing, function sharing, and performance aggregation. The many various real applications exhibit very different requirements. For example, 3D animation rendering is massively matrices computation. To take advantage of distributed infrastructure, mechanisms for efficient resource management and access are needed. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the web infrastructure ensures that it is impossible to provide a complete catalog of all resources available on the web. Therefore, new approaches are needed which take into account the inherently decentralised and dynamic properties of the Internet and distributed system in general. In order to meet the need for such requirements, WOS has a framework for supporting applications that are geographically distributed, highly available, incrementally scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring. It will also include features for resource discovery, resource collaboration, persistent storage, remote process execution, resource management, authentication and security.

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar:Pervasive Computing

Abstract:

Pervasive computing refers to embedding computers and communication in our environment. Pervasive computing provides an attractive vision for the future of computing. The idea behind the pervasive computing is to make the computing power disappear in the environment, but will always be there whenever needed or in other words it means availability and invisibility. These invisible computers won’t have keyboards or screens, but will watch us, listen to us and interact with us. Pervasive computing makes the computer operate in the messy and unstructured world of real people and real objects. Distributed devices in this environment must have the ability to dynamically discover and integrate other devices. The prime goal of this technology is to make human life more simple, safe and efficient by using the ambient intelligence of computers.

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

Seminar: 5 Pen Technology

Abstract:

Computer affects our life in a much bigger way then most of us might have thought. It has become a compulsory requirement in most professions to be able to use computer software. The first computer invented was the ENIAC in 1943 which was the same size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern PCs. Modern computers which are based on integrated circuits are small enough to fit into mobile devices. One of the most compacted computers out right now are table computers with the most popular being the IPad, but even that is 9.1inch and weighing about 700grams. But imagine having a computer that will fit into your pencil case.

The P-ISM (Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package) consists of a package of 5 pens that all have unique functions, combining together to create a virtual computing experience. This is only a prototype under developing stage by NEC Corporation. In 2003, Geneva held the ITU telecom Word exhibition which exhibited a conceptual $30,000 prototype of a P-ISM designed by the Tokyo-based NEC Corporation. P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), which is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.

For Detailed Seminar Report mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com

College Management System

Project Overview:

This project is being designed to provide the information about the colleges in AndhraPradesh.  AndhraPradesh is a state where there are more and more opportunities to those people who wishes to join different courses of studies. This site is being designed to provide that information to those people about the opportunities available in A.P comfortable fashion. The new education policy of Government ofAndhraPradesh provides with much more opportunities by increasing the number of seats per course per college, which will provide the much larger opportunities for the education lovers.

 This site not only gives the information about education opportunities available in ANDHARA PRADESH but also the progress of the state in InformationTechnology.

System Specification:

The system on which the College Management System project developed has the following configuration.

Hardware Specifications:

            Main Memory: 128MB.

            Microprocessor: Pentium –III.

            Hard Disk Drive: 4.3 GB.

            Cache Memory: 512KB.

Software Specifications:

            Operating System: Windows 98/NT.

            Front End: Microsoft Visual Studio, VB

            Back End: SQL Server 2000. 

Vehicle Traffic Management & Control System

Project has three basic components, which are

1. Image Grabbing from the camera
2. Processing the images
3. Store and alert mechanisms

1. Image grabbing from the camera:

This particular module involves:

• A Digital Camera
• A driver for camera
• Java Media Framework

The module continuously monitors and grabs the images of a lane and stores them in 8-bit JPEG format. The camera is a Charge Coupled Device Camera (CCDC). The CCDC is a digital camera whose output is a video stream. As the output is digital the stream data can directly be fed into the computer.

        For this module to work the camera driver need to be installed before. The Java Media Framework needs the driver to be installed as the JMF using query mechanism with driver. The JMF creates an object of type player, which is used for grabbing images. After grabbing images, the raw image is stored in buffer. The raw data is converted into image and then converted into 8-bit image. The 8-bit image is encoded into the JPEG format and is stored into the disk.

Processing the images:

        The purpose of this component is to compare the images acquired and say whether, there is significant change. If the change crosses the threshold that has been defined based on the observations made on lane that the camera should monitor then the algorithm generates an alert.

This particular component involves the following operations on the image

• Image Sensing and Acquisition
• Image Sampling and Quantization
• Grey level and color enhancement
• Convolution and Correlation
• Image Enhancing in Spatial Domain
• Neighborhood and Geometric operations
• Segmentation

This particular module takes the images stored in the database and samples such that the image is suitable for the operations that can be performed on the image.

 After it has been made compatible to the format of the algorithms the image is enhanced using the Grey level operations on the image since there is every possibility that noise can get introduced into the image captured by the camera due various reasons such as thunder bolt, software or hardware problems, by faults in the image setup etc since the image captured should be utilized to the maximum and for the sake of the clarity in the picture we cannot sacrifice the precious time in our hands.

 Convolution helps enhancing the image in the same domain. Once the image meets the standards desired. Correlation algorithms can be applied on the images to see whether there sufficient change in the images captured.

Here Segmentation comes to our aid in segmenting the images into various regions. The regions are the components that are actually taken into the consideration while comparing the images. Since the whole image, if taken for the comparison then even a small change in the light component any where in the image, then the algorithm used says that there is significant change in the image even though in practice there is no significant change in the images captured according to our requirements.

Store and Alert Mechanisms:

     This module is responsible for two tasks:

• Store the information into data base
• If there is a traffic jam then sending info to the control room(not implemented)

 The Data Base Management that we are using in Oracle. In the database the image information is stored.

The information include

• Timestamp of the image
• File name
• Drive where images are stored

                  Using the JDBC the images are retrieved by embedding the SQL statements. The driver that is using is ODBC. Using file name and driver name the images are retrieved. The images are deferred using timestamp that is associated with each image.

                 If there is a traffic jam the second module generates the alert message. The alert message is sent to the control room using TCP/IP networking model. The Java Networking component sends the “Traffic Jam Detected” message to the control room and also sends the URL of the image to the control room. In control room the traffic status can be viewed by using this URL, if necessary

Hardware specifications:

The H/W requirements for the system are:

• PIII Processor with 256MB RAM
• 10 GB HDD
• USB camera to take a pictures with coverage of 100mts
• LAN card
• Server with WINDOWS NT 4.0 WORKSTATION
• Client for Image Processing

Software specifications:

The S/W requirements for the system are:

• Windows 2000
• Java2SDK 1.4
• Java Media Framework (JMF) 1.4
• ORACLE 8i for database engineering
• Camera drivers 

TO Download Code Mail me at:atulzulpe@gmail.com